| Chapter 5: The American Political Landscape |
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Ethnocentrism – Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group. Political socialization – The process by which we develop our political attitudes, values, and beliefs. Demographics – The study of the characteristics of populations. Political predisposition – A characteristic of individuals that is predictive of political behavior. Reinforcing cleavages – Divisions within society that reinforce one another, making groups more homogenous or similar. Cross-cutting cleavages – Divisions within society that cut across demographic categories to produce groups that are more heterogeneous or different. Manifest destiny – A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. Race - A grouping of human beings with distinctive characteristics determined by genetic inheritance. Ethnicity – A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race. Gender gap – The difference between the political opinions or political behavior of men and of women. Fundamentalists – Conservative Christians who (as a group) have become more active in politics in the last two decades and were especially influential in the 2000 presidential election. Gross domestic product (GDP) – The total output of all economic activity in the nation, including goods and services. Socioeconomic status (SES) – A division of population based on occupation, income, and education.
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